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What is 304L stainless steel?
304L stainless steel, also known as ultra-low carbon stainless steel, is a versatile stainless steel material that is widely used to make equipment and parts that require good comprehensive performance (corrosion resistance and formability)
304L is a variant of 304 stainless steel with lower carbon content and is used where welding is required. The lower carbon content minimizes the precipitation of carbides in the heat-affected zone near the weld, and the precipitation of carbides may cause stainless steel to produce intergranular corrosion (welding erosion) in certain environments.
304L stainless steel has poor forging performance and difficult deformation
Due to work hardening. So that the amount of deformation in the process of mandrel drawing can not be too large. And the heat loss is large. Therefore, it must be formed under many fires. If the high temperature holding stage is not handled well, it will cause coarse crystals.
Composition ranges for 304 grade stainless steel
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 304 | min. | - | - | - | - | - | 18.0 | - | 8.0 | - |
| max. | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 0.10 | ||
| 304L | min. | - | - | - | - | - | 18.0 | - | 8.0 | - |
| max. | 0.030 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 0.10 | ||
| 304H | min. | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | 18.0 | - | 8.0 | - |
| max. | 0.10 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 20.0 | 10.5 | |||
Mechanical properties of 304 grade stainless steel
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elongation (% in 50mm) min | Hardness | |
| Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
| 304 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 92 | 201 |
| 304L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 92 | 201 |
| 304H | 515 | 205 | 40 | 92 | 201 |
Physical properties of 304 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/0C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-1000C (J/kg.K) | Electrical Resistivity (n.m) | |||
| 0-1000C | 0-3150C | 0-5380C | at 1000C | at 5000C | |||||
| 304/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 21.5 | 500 | 720 |
Grade specifications for 304 grade stainless steel
| Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
| BS | En | No | Name | ||||
| 304 | S30400 | 304S31 | 58E | 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | 2332 | SUS 304 |
| 304L | S30403 | 304S11 | - | 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 2352 | SUS 304L |
| 304H | S30409 | 304S51 | - | 1.4948 | X6CrNi18-11 | - | - |
Applications
Sanitary
Dairy and food processing
Heat exchangers, evaporators
Feedwater heaters
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